Role of Physiotherapy in the management of Diabetes Mellitus - physiotherapymaterial

 Treatment of DM with respect to Physical Therapy

DiabetesMellitus (DM) can be defined as a metabolic disorder in which there are chronically high sugar levels. The body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin.

 

 

Patients with diabetes mellitus most commonly present with:
·         Increased thirst
·         Increased urination
·         Lack of energy and fatigue
·         Bacterial and fungal infections
·         Delayed wound healing.
·         Lack of energy·          Fatigue
·         May also complain of numbness or tingling in hands or feet or with blurred vision.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Type2diabetes is the most common type of Diabetes.
It is characterized by an increase in blood glucose level as a result of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance or it may be because of both. So, it is called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This type accounts for around 90% of all cases of diabetes.
Causes
The main causes that can lead to this type of diabetes include:
·         Genes
·         Obesity
·         Destruction of beta cells
Risk Factors
Risk factors of Type II DM are:
·         Age 45 or older
·         High B.P.
·         Overweight
·         Smoking
·         Sedentary lifestyle

·         Stress

 

 

 

 

 

Management with respect to Physical Therapy

 

Studies show that about 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week such as brisk walking with no more than 1 or 2 days off in a row reduces the risk of Type II DM development.

A combination of diet and physical activity promotion programs is useful and beneficial in decreasing diabetes incidence.               Start with ResistanceExercise, It can be done 1-2 days per week for 15-30 minutes per session.

·         Aerobic Exercise for at least 30 minutes per session and 5 days per week.

·         Doing a regular resistance exercise for minimum 30 minutes per session up to 2 or more days per week.

                  

 
 
Some Useful Aerobic Exercises
 
·         Walking for 30-60 minutes, three times per week is a great and easiest way to increase physical activity.
·         Swimming helps to stretch and relax muscles.
Though it is not easily accessible for all diabetic individuals. So, stationary Bicycling indoors is another useful form of exercise.
 
Resistance/Strengthening Exercises can be performed:
·         Exercising against gravity
·         Exercising against the resistance of water
·         Exercising against a resistance band
·         Exercising with a weight
·         Exercising using your own body weight as load
Muscle Tone and joint flexibility exercises to keep joints flexible and reduce the chance of injury during activities.
These include:
·         Calf Stretching Exercise
·         Sitting Hamstring stretch exercise
·         Hip flexors and adductors stretch exercise
·         Biceps and Triceps stretching exercise
A proper exercise program is effective in the treatment and management of Diabetes Type II.

Calf Stretching Exercise

 

 

Sitting Hamstring Stretch Exercise

 

 

 

 

 

Biceps and Triceps Stretching Exercise

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hip Flexor Stretch